ABSTRACT
Dissolution testing is an in vitro technique of great importance in formulation and development of pharmaceutical dosage forms, as it can be used as a substitute for in vivo studies under strictly defined and specified conditions. The main objective of the present study is to conduct the comparative dissolution studies of various brands of same dosage forms and treatment of obtained dissolution data by using ƒ2 to determine whether all the formulations used were equivalent or significantly different. Five different brands of drug containing paracetamol and caffeine from different manufacturers were used in the study, and dissolution testing in different dissolution media viz., water, 0.1 N HCl, phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 was conducted for 12 tablets from each brand for 60 min. by using dissolution testing apparatus USP type-II. Samples were withdrawn at 10 min. time interval and analyzed for drug content by using HPLC technique. Percent drug release at each time interval was calculated for tablets and the data obtained were treated with statistical technique to meet the FDA requirements for obtaining a waiver of bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Anterior vaginal wall slings (AVWS) have been used for decades in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The main drawback of using the vaginal wall as a sling is its tendency to weaken and stretch over the course of years. The use of synthetic tapes for the treatment of SUI is effective but costly. For patients who cannot afford synthetic tapes; we describe the preliminary results of a modified AVWS technique for the treatment of SUI types II and III. Patients and Methods: In this series; a modification of the AVWS was applied in 35 female patients with SUI. A fortified and rolled flap is used to provide compression and support of the urethra. The vaginal mucosal surface of the flap is cauterized and two diagonal sutures are placed across it. The flap is then rolled on itself with a running 2/0 vicryl suture. Two sutures attached to both ends are passed retropubically to the anterior abdominal wall and tied over the rectus sheath. Results: All 35 female patients had type II/III SUI. After a median follow up of 43 months; 91of the patients were dry or used 0-1 pad per day. Only one patient suffered from transient retention for one week post-operatively. Conclusion: This is a simple method to reinforce vaginal wall flaps. It could offer a durable and effective option for the treatment of SUI in patients who can not afford synthetic tapes. Long-term follow up is required to evaluate the durability of the procedure
Subject(s)
Stress, Physiological/therapy , Suburethral Slings , Urinary IncontinenceABSTRACT
Objectives: Urinary incontinence in patients with neurological disease is a major health problem. A modified rectus fascial sling has been assessed in incontinent male patients. Patients and Methods: Fourteen adult male patients with total incontinence due to neurogenic or post-traumatic and etiology were included in this study. A rectangular rectus sheath flap was harvested and defatted.The flap was placed around the bulbar urethra and sutures were passed both in front of and behindthe pubic bone. Both sutures on each side were tied to each other over the pubic bone. Results: Of the 14 patients; 9 (64.3) were completely dry; 3 (21.4) reported improved continence; while 2 (14.3) were a failure. In total; 71.4of the patients showed significant improvement using the Incontinence Quality of Life (IQoL) questionnaire. A significant decrease in the number of pads used per day of 61.3(p
Subject(s)
Male , Urinary Incontinence/therapyABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of both Finasteride and Doxazosin in the treatment of moderately symptomatizing large-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia and to correlate symptomatic changes with alterations in urodynamic values using the OCO values (Schafer nomogram). Patients and Methods: Fifty male patients with moderately symptomatizing BPH ( 40 cc) as assessed by ultrasound; were randomized to receive either Finasteride (5 mg/day)or Doxazosin (1-4 mg/ day) for 12 months. Results: Both Finasteride and Doxazosin significantly improved the urinary flow rates. Pressure-flow studies confirmed that both Doxazosin and Finasteride were effective in decreasing the opening detrusor pressure; the detrusor pressure at maximum flow (PdetQmax) and the detrusor pressure at least flow (Pdet least). When applying the Schafer nomogram; the OCO values were found to have improved in both treatment groups. There was; however; a significant difference between both groups with respect to the OCO values denoting a better improvement of the degree of obstruction in patients treated with Finasteride. Conclusion: The use of a compatible numerical format for grading the degree of bladder outlet obstruction would maximize the usefulness of pressure-flow studies in the evaluation of obstructed patients. Using the OCO value revealed that Finasteride was superior to Doxazosin regarding the degree of improvement in obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia